Nukoresha ceramic kumasahani adafite amasasu

HeIbikoresho bikoreshwa cyane mumasasu yamashanyarazi

Kuva mu kinyejana cya 21, ububumbyi bw’amasasu bwateye imbere byihuse, kandi hariho ubwoko bwinshi, harimo alumina, karbide ya silicon, karbide ya boron, nitride ya silicon, titanium boride, nibindi, muri byo harimo ububiko bwa alumina (Al₂O₃), ubukorikori bwa silicon karbide (SiC), boron carbide ceramics (B4C) nizo zikoreshwa cyane.

Ubukorikori bwa Alumina bufite ubucucike buri hejuru, ariko ubukana buri hasi, urwego rwo gutunganya ruri hasi, igiciro ni gito, ukurikije ubuziranenge bugabanijwemo 85/90/95/99 ceramique ya alumina, ubukana hamwe nigiciro nabyo byiyongera na.

Kugereranya ibintu biranga amasasu atandukanye

Silicon carbide ceramic yubucucike buri hasi cyane, ubukana bwinshi, nububiko bwububiko buhenze bwububiko, kubwibyo rero nubundi bukoreshwa cyane mubutaka butagira amasasu mubushinwa.

Boron carbide ceramics ifite ubucucike buke nubukomere bukabije muri ubwo bukerarugendo, ariko mugihe kimwe, ibyo basabwa muburyo bwo gutunganya ikoranabuhanga nabyo ni byinshi cyane, bisaba ubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe no gucumura umuvuduko mwinshi, bityo ikiguzi nacyo kikaba kinini muri aya mafumbire atatu.

Ugereranije nibi bikoresho bitatu bisanzwe byamasasu bitagira amasasu, alumina yamasasu yamashanyarazi afite igiciro gito, ariko imikorere yamasasu ntiri munsi ya karbide ya silicon na karbide ya boron, kubwibyo ubu uruganda rukora uruganda rukora amasasu muri karubide ya silicon na boron karbide, alumina ceramics ni gake.Nyamara, alumina imwe ya kirisiti irashobora gukoreshwa mugutegura ububumbyi buboneye, bukoreshwa cyane nkibikoresho bisobanutse bifite imikorere yoroheje, kandi bigakoreshwa mubikoresho bya gisirikare nka masike y’umusirikare ku giti cye, amasasu ya misile Windows, kureba ibinyabiziga Windows, hamwe na perisikopi yo mu mazi.

WoBiri mubikoresho bizwi cyane byamasasu yamashanyarazi

Silicon karbide yamasasu yamashanyarazi

Silicon carbide covalent bond irakomeye cyane kandi iracyafite imbaraga nyinshi zihuza ubushyuhe bwinshi.Iyi miterere yubaka itanga silicon karbide ceramics imbaraga zidasanzwe, gukomera kwinshi, kurwanya kwambara, kurwanya ruswa, ubukana bwumuriro mwinshi, guhangana nubushyuhe bwiza nubundi buryo.Muri icyo gihe, silicon carbide ceramic igiciro iringaniye, irahendutse, nikimwe mubikoresho byizewe cyane byo kurinda intwaro.

Silicon carbide ceramics ifite umwanya munini witerambere murwego rwo kurinda ibirwanisho, kandi ibyo bakoresha mubijyanye nibikoresho byihariye hamwe nibinyabiziga bidasanzwe bikunda kuba bitandukanye.Iyo ikoreshejwe nk'ibikoresho birinda ibirwanisho, urebye ikiguzi hamwe nigihe cyihariye cyo gusaba hamwe nibindi bintu, mubisanzwe ni gahunda ntoya ya paneli ceramic hamwe na compte backplane ihujwe na plaque ceramic compte, kugirango tuneshe kunanirwa kwubutaka kubera guhangayika, kandi kwemeza ko igisasu cyinjira gusa kimenagura igice kimwe kitangiza intwaro zose.

Boron karbide yamasasu yamashanyarazi

Borb karbide nuburemere bwibikoresho bizwi nyuma ya diyama na cubic boron nitride superhard ibikoresho, ubukana bugera kuri 3000kg / mm²;Ubucucike buri hasi, 2.52g / cm³ gusa, ni 1/3 cyibyuma;Modulus yo hejuru cyane, 450GPa;Ahantu ho gushonga cyane, hafi 2447 ℃;Coefficient yo kwagura amashyuza ni mike kandi ubushyuhe bwumuriro buri hejuru.Byongeye kandi, karbide ya boron ifite imiti ihamye ya chimique, aside na alkali irwanya ruswa, mubushyuhe bwicyumba ntabwo ikora na acide na base hamwe namazi menshi atavanze, gusa muri hydrofluoric acide-sulfurike, aside hydrofluoric acide-nitric aside ivanze ifite ruswa buhoro. ;Kandi ibyuma byinshi bishongeshejwe ntibishobora kubyimba, ntibikora.Borb karbide nayo ifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo gukuramo neutron, itaboneka mubindi bikoresho byubutaka.B4C ifite ubucucike buke bwibikoresho byinshi bikoreshwa mubikoresho byintwaro, bifatanije na modulus yo hejuru ya elastique, bigatuma ihitamo neza kubikoresho mubirwanisho bya gisirikare hamwe nubutaka bwikirere.Ikibazo nyamukuru cya B4C nuko ihenze (hafi inshuro 10 za alumina) kandi yoroheje, igabanya imikoreshereze yagutse nkintwaro imwe yo gukingira.

MethodUburyo bwo gutegura amasasu adafite amasasu.

Kuzamura amasasu yamashanyarazi

Nubwo ubushobozi bwamasasu ya silicon karbide na boron karbide ari nini cyane, ikibazo cyo gukomera kuvunika hamwe nubugome bubi bwubutaka bwicyiciro kimwe ntigishobora kwirengagizwa.Iterambere ry'ubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryashyize imbere ibisabwa mu mikorere n'ubukungu by'ubutaka butagira amasasu: imikorere myinshi, imikorere myinshi, uburemere bworoshye, igiciro gito n'umutekano.Kubwibyo, mu myaka yashize, abahanga nintiti bizeye kugera ku gushimangira, kuremereye nubukungu bwubukorikori binyuze muguhindura mikoro, harimo ibice byinshi bigize ceramic sisitemu igizwe, imikorere ya gradient ceramics, igishushanyo mbonera cyimiterere, nibindi, kandi ibirwanisho nkibi biroroshye uburemere ugereranije nintwaro zuyu munsi, no kurushaho kunoza imikorere igendanwa yimitwe yintambara.

Ceramics ikora neza yerekana impinduka zisanzwe mubintu bifatika binyuze muri microcosmic design.Kurugero, titanium boride na titanium ibyuma na aluminium oxyde, silicon karbide, boron karbide, nitride ya silicon na aluminium yicyuma hamwe nubundi buryo bwa sisitemu / ceramic compite, imikorere yimpinduka ya gradient ukurikije uburebure, ni ukuvuga gutegura ubukana bwinshi inzibacyuho yo gukomera gukomeye amasasu yubutaka.

Nanometer multiphase ceramics igizwe na submicron cyangwa nanometero ikwirakwiza ibice byongewe kuri materique ceramics.Nka SiC-Si3N4-Al2O3, B4C-SiC, nibindi, ubukomere, ubukana n'imbaraga z'ububumbyi bifite iterambere runaka.Biravugwa ko ibihugu by’iburengerazuba byiga gucumura ifu ya nano-nini kugirango itegure ububumbyi bufite ingano ya nanometero icumi kugira ngo bugere ku mbaraga n’ibikomere, kandi biteganijwe ko ubukerarugendo butagira amasasu bugera ku ntera nini muri urwo rwego.

Incamake

Yaba ceramika yicyiciro kimwe cyangwa ceramika yibice byinshi, ibikoresho byiza byububiko bwiza bwamasasu cyangwa ntibishobora gutandukana na karubide ya silicon, boron karbide ibyo bikoresho byombi.By'umwihariko kubikoresho bya karbide ya boron, hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryogucumura, ibintu byiza bya ceramique ya boron karbide bigenda bigaragara cyane, kandi nibisabwa mubikorwa byamasasu bizarushaho gutera imbere.